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Supreme Court Precedents on Juvenile Sentencing
Over the past two decades, landmark rulings by the U.S. Supreme Court have altered how the justice system treats youth offenders, establishing that “children are constitutionally different from adults for purposes of sentencing.”
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Roper v. Simmons (2005): Abolished the death penalty for offenders who were under 18 at the time of their crime, citing diminished culpability and greater prospects for reform.
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Graham v. Florida (2010): Prohibited life sentences without parole for juveniles convicted of non-homicide offenses.
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Miller v. Alabama (2012): Banned mandatory life-without-parole sentences for juveniles in homicide cases, requiring judges to consider a youth’s age, upbringing, and potential for change before issuing severe penalties.